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| Photo Credit: AP. |
MANAUS, Brazil (AP) — More fires burned in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest this August than in any month in nearly five years, thanks to a surge in illegal deforestation.
Satellite
sensors detected 33,116 fires according to Brazil’s national space institute.
The dry season months of August and September are usually worst for both
deforestation and fire.
It was also
the worst August for fire in 12 years. That includes August of 2019, when
images of the burning rainforest shocked the world and drew criticism from
European leaders. Bolsonaro had recently taken office and was turning
environmental enforcement on its head, saying criminals should not be fined and
promising development of the Amazon.
The
far-right president downplayed the raging fires then and continues to do so
today. He told media network Globo on Aug. 22 — the worst single day for
outbreaks of fire in 15 years — that the criticism is part of an effort to
undermine the nation’s agribusiness sector.
“Brazil does
not deserve to be attacked in this way,” said Bolsonaro, who is campaigning for
reelection.
The fires
are evident even several hundred miles away in the Amazon’s largest city,
Manaus, where smoke has hung in the sky for weeks.
Fire in the
Amazon is almost always deliberately set, primarily to improve cattle pasture
or burn recently-felled trees once they are dry. Often the fires burn out of
control and spread into pristine areas of the forest.
After a calm
period with unusually high rainfall in early August, blazes began spreading
rapidly, said Ane Alencar, coordinator of the Mapbiomas Fire project, run by a
network of nonprofits, universities and tech startups.
“The
deforestation rate is very high. That means there are many fallen trees ready
to burn,” Alencar told The Associated Press in a Zoom interview. The fire
season will be even more intense in September.”
About 20% of
the area burned in the Amazon this year was deforested recently. Some is within
protected areas that are targeted by land-grabbers, according to an analysis by
the Center of Life Institute, a Brazilian non-profit, based on NASA’s Global
Fire Emissions Database.
One example
is Cristalino II State Park in Mato Grosso, a protected area recently declared
illegal by a state court. The state prosecutors office appealed that decision,
but the legal dissolution seemed to give license to deforesters, unleashing a
wave of destruction. In just the past few weeks, fire has destroyed nearly 40
square kilometers (15 square miles) in the park, despite the presence of
firefighters, according to the Center of Life Institute.
Widespread
fire means Brazil is failing to curb greenhouse gas emissions, as almost half
the country’s carbon pollution comes from land conversion. The Amazon
rainforest is an important carbon absorber for the planet, but burning timber
releases that carbon into the atmosphere.
During the
COP26 climate summit earlier this year, the Bolsonaro government promised to
stop all illegal deforestation by 2028. So far during his tenure, forest loss
has surged to a 15-year high.
“If Brazil
wants to reduce its carbon emissions, the number one thing to do is reduce
deforestation. And the second is to reduce the use of fire,” Alencar said.
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